GL
Geert Litjens
cs.CVDeep LearningDeep learningeess.IVAlgorithmsArtificial Intelligencedeep learningProstate cancerMachine LearningComputational pathology
On Valency
published · living versionsW_z8wecm87·v1 · currentpublished
A large annotated medical image dataset for the development and evaluation of segmentation algorithms
with Amber L. Simpson, Michela Antonelli, Spyridon Bakas, Michel Bilello +19
1 version
Preprints & journals
110 papers in the corpus · 2010–2026Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in Computational Pathology: Definitions, Taxonomy, and Recommendations2608.28820v1 · Shubham Innani, Suhang You, Adam Shephard et al.2026 · 0 citationsarXiv
A Distributional Robustness Margin For Pathology Foundation Models2607.25497v4 · Cl'ement Grisi, Jeroen van der Laak, Geert Litjens2026 · 0 citationsarXiv
Detection of basal cell carcinoma on whole-slide images from Mohs micrographic surgery using weakly supervised learning.42621943 · Villiamsson, Kajsa, Fornstedt, Ludvig, Litjens, Geert et al.2026 · 1 citationJAAD international. 2026;28:76-85
Predicting bladder cancer molecular subtypes linked to bacillus Calmette-Guerin response from histology images using deep learning10.64898/2026.05.05.26352375v1 · Khoraminia, F., Olislagers, M., de Jong, F. C. et al.2026 · 0 citationsmedRxiv
Deep Learning From Routine Histology Improves Risk Stratification for Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer2603.14187v1 · Cl'ement Grisi, Khrystyna Faryna, Nefise Uysal et al.2026 · 1 citationarXiv
Computational Pathology in the Era of Emerging Foundation and Agentic AI -- International Expert Perspectives on Clinical Integration and Translational Readiness2603.05884v2 · Qian Da, Yijiang Chen, Min Ju et al.2026 · 0 citationsarXiv
Designing UNICORN: a Unified Benchmark for Imaging in Computational Pathology, Radiology, and Natural Language2603.02790v2 · Michelle Stegeman, Lena Philipp, Fennie van der Graaf et al.2026 · 0 citationsarXiv
Transformer-Based Weakly Supervised Learning for Whole Slide Lung Cancer Image Classification.38980777 · An, Jianpeng, Wang, Yong, Cai, Qing et al.2025 · 13 citationsIEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics. 2025;29(12):9095-9108
Artificial intelligence and radiologists in pancreatic cancer detection using standard of care CT scans (PANORAMA): an international, paired, non-inferiority, confirmatory, observational study.41275871 · Alves, Natalia, Schuurmans, Megan, Rutkowski, Dawid et al.2025 · 26 citationsThe Lancet. Oncology. 2026;27(1):116-124
Post-mortem 11.7 T DTI validation of myeloarchitectural changes in glioblastoma infiltration: Correlation with histology and PLI.40885452 · van den Elshout, Rik, Schoenmakers, Jenny, Veltien, Andor et al.2025 · 1 citationBrain research bulletin. 2025;230:111526
Hierarchical Vision Transformers for prostate biopsy grading: Towards bridging the generalization gap.40644915 · Grisi, Clément, Kartasalo, Kimmo, Eklund, Martin et al.2025 · 5 citationsMedical image analysis. 2025;105:103663
Navigating the landscape of multimodal AI in medicine: A scoping review on technical challenges and clinical applications.40482561 · Schouten, Daan, Nicoletti, Giulia, Dille, Bas et al.2025 · 126 citationsMedical image analysis. 2025;105:103621
Generating dermatopathology reports from gigapixel whole slide images with HistoGPT.40419470 · Tran, Manuel, Schmidle, Paul, Guo, Ruifeng Ray et al.2025 · 36 citationsNature communications. 2025;16(1):4886
End-to-end prognostication in pancreatic cancer by multimodal deep learning: a retrospective, multicenter study.40410330 · Schuurmans, Megan, Saha, Anindo, Alves, Natália et al.2025 · 12 citationsEuropean radiology. 2025;35(12):7537-7548
Label-free Concept Based Multiple Instance Learning for Gigapixel Histopathology2501.02922v1 · Susu Sun, Leslie Tessier, Fr'ed'erique Meeuwsen et al.2025 · 1 citationarXiv
Deep Learning for Automated Segmentation of Basal Cell Carcinoma on Mohs Micrographic Surgery Frozen Section Slides.39625169 · Varra, Vamsi, Shahwan, Kathryn T, Johnson, Kirsten et al.2025 · 1 citationDermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]. 2025;51(4):355-359
Weakly Supervised Classification of Mohs Surgical Sections Using Artificial Intelligence.39522646 · Geijs, Daan J, Hillen, Lisa M, Dooper, Stephan et al.2025 · 11 citationsModern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 2025;38(2):100653
Deep learning-based segmentation in MRI-(immuno)histological examination of myelin and axonal damage in normal-appearing white matter and white matter hyperintensities.39175459 · Solé-Guardia, Gemma, Luijten, Matthijs, Janssen, Esther et al.2025 · 6 citationsBrain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland). 2025;35(2):e13301
Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence-Based Gleason Grading Algorithms "in the Wild".39025402 · Faryna, Khrystyna, Tessier, Leslie, Retamero, Juan et al.2024 · 28 citationsModern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 2024;37(11):100563
Automatic quantification of tumor-stroma ratio as a prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer.38771787 · Vendittelli, Pierpaolo, Bokhorst, John-Melle, Smeets, Esther M M et al.2024 · 11 citationsPloS one. 2024;19(5):e0301969
Masked Attention as a Mechanism for Improving Interpretability of Vision Transformers2404.18152v1 · Cl'ement Grisi, Geert Litjens, Jeroen van der Laak2024 · 1 citationarXiv
Three-dimensional identification of microvascular pathology and neurovascular inflammation in severe white matter hyperintensity: a case report.38424226 · Solé-Guardia, Gemma, Luijten, Matthijs, Geenen, Bram et al.2024 · 13 citationsScientific reports. 2024;14(1):5004
Understanding metric-related pitfalls in image analysis validation.36945687 · Reinke, Annika, Tizabi, Minu D, Baumgartner, Michael et al.2025 · 233 citationsArXiv. 2024
Uncertainty-guided annotation enhances segmentation with the human-in-the-loop2404.07208v1 · Nadieh Khalili, Joey Spronck, Francesco Ciompi et al.2024 · 1 citationarXiv
Metrics reloaded: recommendations for image analysis validation.38347141 · Maier-Hein, Lena, Reinke, Annika, Godau, Patrick et al.2024 · 539 citationsNature methods. 2024;21(2):195-212
Automatic data augmentation to improve generalization of deep learning in H&E stained histopathology.38281317 · Faryna, Khrystyna, van der Laak, Jeroen, Litjens, Geert2024 · 50 citationsComputers in biology and medicine. 2024;170:108018
Full resolution reconstruction of whole-mount sections from digitized individual tissue fragments.38233535 · Schouten, Daan, van der Laak, Jeroen, van Ginneken, Bram et al.2024 · 6 citationsScientific reports. 2024;14(1):1497
Diffusion models for out-of-distribution detection in digital pathology.38228075 · Linmans, Jasper, Raya, Gabriel, van der Laak, Jeroen et al.2024 · 40 citationsMedical image analysis. 2024;93:103088
Hierarchical Vision Transformers for Context-Aware Prostate Cancer Grading in Whole Slide Images2312.12619v1 · Cl'ement Grisi, Geert Litjens, Jeroen van der Laak2023 · 0 citationsarXiv
Detection and subtyping of basal cell carcinoma in whole-slide histopathology using weakly-supervised learning.38194735 · Geijs, Daan J, Dooper, Stephan, Aswolinskiy, Witali et al.2024 · 27 citationsMedical image analysis. 2024;93:103063
The Latent Doctor Model for Modeling Inter-Observer Variability.37831571 · Linmans, Jasper, Hoogeboom, Emiel, van der Laak, Jeroen et al.2023 · 4 citationsIEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics. 2023;PP
Gigapixel end-to-end training using streaming and attention.37437452 · Dooper, Stephan, Pinckaers, Hans, Aswolinskiy, Witali et al.2023 · 18 citationsMedical image analysis. 2023;88:102881
Tumoral Ki67 and PSMA Expression in Fresh Pre-PSMA-RLT Biopsies and Its Relation With PSMA-PET Imaging and Outcomes of PSMA-RLT in Patients With mCRPC.37164814 · Laarhuis, Babette I, Janssen, Marcel J R, Simons, Michiel et al.2023 · 3 citationsClinical genitourinary cancer. 2023;21(5):e352-e361
Artificial Intelligence in Bone Marrow Histological Diagnostics: Potential Applications and Challenges.36791682 · van Eekelen, Leander, Litjens, Geert, Hebeda, Konnie M2024 · 23 citationsPathobiology : journal of immunopathology, molecular and cellular biology. 2024;91(1):8-17
Continual learning strategies for cancer-independent detection of lymph node metastases.36724605 · Bándi, Péter, Balkenhol, Maschenka, van Dijk, Marcory et al.2023 · 30 citationsMedical image analysis. 2023;85:102755
Dataset of prostate MRI annotated for anatomical zones and cancer.36426089 · Adams, Lisa C, Makowski, Marcus R, Engel, Günther et al.2022 · 13 citationsData in brief. 2022;45:108739
Generalization of Deep Learning in Digital Pathology: Experience in Breast Cancer Metastasis Detection.36358842 · Jarkman, Sofia, Karlberg, Micael, Pocevičiūtė, Milda et al.2024 · 37 citationsCancers. 2022;14(21)
Predictive uncertainty estimation for out-of-distribution detection in digital pathology.36306568 · Linmans, Jasper, Elfwing, Stefan, van der Laak, Jeroen et al.2022 · 74 citationsMedical image analysis. 2023;83:102655
The Medical Segmentation Decathlon.35840566 · Antonelli, Michela, Reinke, Annika, Bakas, Spyridon et al.2022 · 1,372 citationsNature communications. 2022;13(1):4128
Domain adaptation strategies for cancer-independent detection of lymph node metastases2207.06193v1 · P'eter B'andi, Maschenka Balkenhol, Marcory van Dijk et al.2022 · 1 citationarXiv
Prostate158 - An expert-annotated 3T MRI dataset and algorithm for prostate cancer detection.35841780 · Adams, Lisa C, Makowski, Marcus R, Engel, Günther et al.2022 · 95 citationsComputers in biology and medicine. 2022;148:105817
A Decade of GigaScience: The Challenges of Gigapixel Pathology Images.35701372 · Litjens, Geert, Ciompi, Francesco, van der Laak, Jeroen2022 · 5 citationsGigaScience. 2022;11
Predicting biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer with artificial intelligence.35693032 · Pinckaers, Hans, van Ipenburg, Jolique, Melamed, Jonathan et al.2024 · 46 citationsCommunications medicine. 2022;2:64
Streaming Convolutional Neural Networks for End-to-End Learning With Multi-Megapixel Images.32845835 · Pinckaers, Hans, van Ginneken, Bram, Litjens, Geert2022 · 107 citationsIEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence. 2022;44(3):1581-1590
Automated quantification of levels of breast terminal duct lobular (TDLU) involution using deep learning.35046392 · de Bel, Thomas, Litjens, Geert, Ogony, Joshua et al.2023 · 13 citationsNPJ breast cancer. 2022;8(1):13
Automatic tumour segmentation in H&E-stained whole-slide images of the pancreas2112.01533v2 · Pierpaolo Vendittelli, Esther M.M. Smeets, Geert Litjens2021 · 1 citationarXiv
Using deep learning for quantification of cellularity and cell lineages in bone marrow biopsies and comparison to normal age-related variation.34772487 · van Eekelen, Leander, Pinckaers, Hans, van den Brand, Michiel et al.2022 · 29 citationsPathology. 2022;54(3):318-327
Artificial Intelligence for Diagnosis and Gleason Grading of Prostate Cancer in Biopsies-Current Status and Next Steps.34393083 · Kartasalo, Kimmo, Bulten, Wouter, Delahunt, Brett et al.2022 · 49 citationsEuropean urology focus. 2021;7(4):687-691
Detection of Prostate Cancer in Whole-Slide Images Through End-to-End Training With Image-Level Labels.33729928 · Pinckaers, Hans, Bulten, Wouter, van der Laak, Jeroen et al.2021 · 102 citationsIEEE transactions on medical imaging. 2021;40(7):1817-1826
Deep learning in histopathology: the path to the clinic.33990804 · van der Laak, Jeroen, Litjens, Geert, Ciompi, Francesco2021 · 895 citationsNature medicine. 2021;27(5):775-784
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