PCR-ALERA: A PCR-ELISA analogue but antibody-free DNA detection system

Abstract

PCR-ALERA is a new concept for DNA detection that combines DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with an activator-linked enzyme reactivation assay (ALERA). PCR-ALERA resembles the commercial, semi-quantitative PCR-ELISA assay that offers high sensitivity and high-throughput screening in microplates. PCR-ALERA overcomes a major drawback of PCR-ELISA since it does not require the time-consuming handling of expensive antibodies. In the first step of the assay, commercially available modified nucleotides were incorporated during PCR amplification of the target DNA. A selenocysteine containing peptide (the activator) was linked to the amplified DNA by click chemistry. This peptide has been optimized for the highly efficient activation of the latent protease papain by selenolate-triggered disulfide cleavage. The DNA-peptide hybrid was then immoblized in microplate wells and incubated with latent papain. The latter was readily activated and converted a fluorogenic substrate to a fluorescent product with high catalytic turnover. Overall assay time is about 4 hours including PCR.