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Simple proof of conditions requiring maximal entanglement for local state verification and discrimination

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Abstract · v1

For deterministic state verification by separable measurements, the Schmidt rank of an entangled resource must be at least that of the state being verified [N. Yu, R. Duan, and M. Ying, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 60, 2069 (2014)], and if the two are equal, the resource must be maximally entangled [S. Akibue, J. Miyazaki, and H. Osaka, Lett. Math. Phys. 116, 110 (2026)]. The latter was derived from a general theorem proved using algebraic geometry. In this paper, we give a simple, self-contained proof of both statements using only linear algebra. We then use these results to show that among pure entangled resources of local dimension at most dd, a maximally entangled state of Cd⊗Cd\mathbb{C}^d\otimes\mathbb{C}^d is necessary and sufficient for perfect local discrimination of a generic orthogonal basis of Cd⊗Cd\mathbb{C}^d\otimes\mathbb{C}^d, however weakly entangled. The same holds for local implementation of a generic orthogonal measurement.

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