Antenna-coupled microstrip summing network for wave-like dark matter searches

Abstract

A commonly used technology for axion and other wave-like dark matter searches is a microwave resonator. In such experiments, the detected signal strength depends on the coupling between the resonator and the microwave transmission line that delivers power to the amplifier. In Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) and other cavity searches, this coupling is typically achieved using a compact wire antenna inserted into the cavity. While this approach is adequate for right-cylindrical cavities, it can become difficult to efficiently extract power from large-volume, multi-wavelength ($V \gg λ^3$) resonators targeted for higher frequencies, such as those designed by ADMX-VERA (Volume Enhanced Resonant Axion). Here, we present a solution based on a microwave slot-antenna array capacitively coupled to a microstrip "summing network," which coherently combines signals from multiple transmission lines into a single output. This summing architecture is adapted from designs originally developed for cosmic microwave background (CMB) detectors. We demonstrate the design and characterization of a new high-frequency resonator that employs this readout scheme in the $19-21$ GHz range. Finally we discuss the potential to reach Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky (DFSZ) sensitivity using multiple summing network cavities fitted into a large volume.