Inkitiate: Initiating and Steering Agent Assistance through Ink in a Spatial Workspace

Abstract

Handwriting and sketching help people develop ideas around information. As this work unfolds, users may seek assistance with finding, understanding, and organizing materials. We investigate how ink can initiate and steer agent assistance in this process. An eight-participant formative study explored desired assistance and interaction expectations, informing three connected activities: bringing materials in, thinking with materials, and shaping the space. We present Inkitiate, a spatial workspace for ink-based agent assistance in knowledge work. Through ink, users retrieve external materials, build on accumulated content and results, and reorganize the canvas, while inspecting and guiding agent actions. In a study with eighteen participants, users reported favorable usability and low perceived workload, and used retained ink and materials to develop further ink queries. An ink-query vocabulary and cases reveal how users combine linguistic and graphical expressions to direct agents. These findings inform ink-based agent interaction design for expressive requests and continued work with materials.