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WorksPhysics and Astronomy

Chirality rules for optical vortices in rhombohedral graphene multilayers

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arXiv nonexclusive license
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Published
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Abstract · v1

Optical zeros are momenta where the interband dipole vanishes. The dipole phase winds around each of them by an integer, so they are vortices of the resonant optical response with a conserved charge. We show that in rhombohedral graphene multilayers one integer, the stacking chirality NN, fixes their constellation near the KK valley: the total charge per linear polarization is N−1N-1 and is conserved under trigonal warping and interlayer bias; for N≥3N\ge3 the KK point stays an exact optical zero, the Bernal bilayer being the only exception; warping places the remaining charge on satellites whose radii scale linearly with the warping; and the charge pinned at KK is bias independent for N≥4N\ge4. A quantized interband character counts the enclosed charge as an integer staircase with steps at these radii, and an interlayer bias drives a satellite through the protected KK vortex in the trilayer. The rules survive the remote hoppings of the full tight-binding model and, being integer charges, the corrections that reshape the bands. The same integer sets the magnitude of the response: the band-edge shift current grows linearly with NN.

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