OpenBrain: An Auditable Generated-Label Release for Whole-Brain MRI Parcellation

Abstract

Automatic tools can now generate whole-brain MRI parcellations at cohort scale, but generated-label releases often provide little evidence about which cases are reliable enough to reuse. We introduce OpenBrain, a confidence-aware release of 35,838 provenance-verified OpenNeuro T1w cases from 607 source datasets. OpenBrain is organized as an auditable case-record release rather than a directory of standalone segmentation files: each record links a primary parcellation, two committee parcellations, source/license provenance, raw QC-7 measurements, percentile risks, a combined risk score R, and a confidence tier. QC-7 is a reference-free reliability panel over label geometry, image-label consistency, and committee disagreement, so users can filter, weight, audit, or re-threshold generated labels without rerunning inference. We evaluate this released evidence under a frozen protocol. Across external cohorts, lower QC-7 risk corresponds to higher generated-label quality; in fixed-budget training, lower-risk selections improve paired macro Dice over random selection by +3.2 to +3.7 percentage points. OpenBrain also exposes raw axes, committee outputs, provenance, and datasheet documentation, so confidence claims remain inspectable after download. It does not turn generated labels into manual annotations or clinical-grade segmentations. Its contribution is a large open generated-parcellation substrate, a reusable case-level risk-evidence layer, and an external validation protocol for release-time QC. Dataset: https://huggingface.co/datasets/lanqz7766/OpenBrain. Code: https://github.com/lanqz7766/openbrain.