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A contact and coefficient correction for Korenblum's constant

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Abstract

Retaining an angular deficit in an annular coefficient estimate gives C68≥0.44667C_{68}\ge0.44667 for Korenblum's constant in the unweighted Bergman space. The flux input is David Niedbala Giraudin's. A contact-moment estimate and an even outer factor retain a correction involving the first two coefficients; a rational measure then satisfies the modified moment conditions. The argument builds on Wang's coefficient approach and Wikström's moment integration. This note is unrefereed, with no independent human review or formalization.

Statement and credit

Use normalized area measure on the unit disk D\mathbb{D}, so ∥∑akzk∥A22=∑k≥0∣ak∣2/(k+1)\left\|\sum a_k z^k\right\|_{A^2}^2 = \sum_{k\geq0} |a_k|^2/(k+1). Let C68C_{68} be the supremum of c∈(0,1)c \in(0,1) such that

∣f(z)∣≤∣u(z)∣(c<∣z∣<1),f,u∈A2(D)⟹∥f∥A2≤∥u∥A2.|f(z)| \leq|u(z)| \quad(c < |z| < 1), \qquad f,u \in A^2(\mathbb{D}) \quad\Longrightarrow\quad\|f\|_{A^2} \leq\|u\|_{A^2}.

Theorem 1. The radius c=44667/100000c = 44667/100000 is admissible. Thus C68≥0.44667C_{68} \geq0.44667.

David Niedbala Giraudin’s PR 274 gives the Green-function flux input and the preceding 0.446 bound, with a supplementary certificate at 0.44605 [1]. The flux input is his, not a contribution of this note. The covering-strip coefficient approach continues Pinho’s earlier construction; Wang supplies the coefficient-estimate precedent, and Wikström supplies moment integration and the atomic-plus-Lebesgue measure method [2, 3, 4]. The added input is a nonconstant angular deficit converted into a low-coefficient correction. The supplied review supports this distinction: the present measure fails the old uncorrected first-moment condition. No optimality or exhaustive priority is asserted.

The coefficient correction

For w=−log⁡cw=-\log c, set

A=π2w,q=e−A,Ψ=(1+q)28q,σ(t)=sin⁡2πlog⁡t2w,κ=325.A = \frac{\pi^2}{w}, \qquad q = e^{-A}, \qquad\Psi= \frac{(1+q)^2}{8q}, \qquad\sigma(t) = \sin^2\frac{\pi\log t}{2w}, \qquad\kappa= \frac{3}{25}.
D(t)=Ψ2σ(t),H(t)=1+D(t),g(t)=21+H(t),D(t) = \frac{\Psi}{2\sigma(t)}, \qquad H(t) = \sqrt{1+D(t)}, \qquad g(t) = \frac{2}{1+H(t)},
β(t)=1−g(t),ϵ(t)=7100D(t)H(t)(1+H(t))2.\beta(t) = 1-g(t), \qquad\epsilon(t) = \frac{7}{100}\frac{D(t)}{H(t)(1+H(t))^2}.

At t=c2,1t=c^2,1, define g=ϵ=0g=\epsilon=0 by continuity. The certificate checks the four scalar hypotheses

sech⁡2(A/2)≤1/3,16sinh⁡2(A/4)≤2(1−8κ)Ψ,\operatorname{sech}^2(A/2) \leq1/3, \qquad16\operatorname{sinh}^2(A/4) \leq2(1-8\kappa)\Psi,
tanh⁡2(A/8)≥(1+8κ)π2/64,sech⁡2(A/8)≤(1−4κ)/2.\operatorname{tanh}^2(A/8) \geq(1+8\kappa)\pi^2/64, \qquad\operatorname{sech}^2(A/8) \leq(1-4\kappa)/2.

Niedbala Giraudin’s flux estimate, in curvature −1-1 hyperbolic distance, implies for a disk-valued annular map ω\omega and two points on radius rr that

cosh⁡d(ω(reiθ),ω(reiϕ))−1≤2Φ(A(θ−ϕ)/(2π))σ(r2).\cosh d(\omega(re^{i\theta}),\omega(re^{i\phi}))-1\le\frac{2\Phi(A(\theta-\phi)/(2\pi))}{\sigma(r^2)}.

with angles reduced modulo 2π2\pi, where

Φ(v)=(csch⁡2v+csch⁡2(A−v)+2sech⁡2(A/2))−1.\Phi(v)=\left(\operatorname{csch}^{2}v+\operatorname{csch}^{2}(A-v)+2\operatorname{sech}^{2}(A/2)\right)^{-1}.

The four hypotheses give the Fourier majorant

2Φ(Aθ/(2π))Ψ≤1−cos⁡θ2−κ(1−cos⁡2θ).\frac{2\Phi(A\theta/(2\pi))}{\Psi}\le\frac{1-\cos\theta}{2}-\kappa(1-\cos2\theta).

Its proof splits 0≤v≤A/20\le v\le A/2 into a small arc, a midpoint neighborhood, and the intervening arc, using respectively Φ(v)≤sinh⁡2v\Phi(v)\le\sinh^{2}v, Φ(A/2+x)≤(Ψ/2)sech⁡2x\Phi(A/2+x)\le(\Psi/2)\operatorname{sech}^{2}x, and the four displayed inequalities. The complete derivation, including flux normalization and the arc comparisons, is supplied in GREEN_FLUX_PROOF.md and ANGULAR_LEMMA.md, Sections 1–2, in the accompanying analytic supplement [5]. Distinct Green-function lifts are used.

Choose the smallest enclosing hyperbolic disk of the image circle, center α\alpha, radius ρ\rho. Properness gives existence. First variation and separation give a probability measure on at most three contact directions balancing at zero. Let its domain angles be θi\theta_i, weights λi\lambda_i, and mj=∑iλieijθim_j=\sum_i\lambda_i e^{ij\theta_i}. The hyperbolic cosine rule, averaged over contacts, gives, with h=cosh⁡ρh=\cosh\rho and ζ(θ)=cosh⁡d(ω(reiθ),α)\zeta(\theta)=\cosh d(\omega(re^{i\theta}),\alpha),

H2−ζ(θ)2≥Dmax⁡(S,T(θ)),H^2-\zeta(\theta)^2\ge D\max(S,T(\theta)),
S=∣m1∣2+2κ(1−∣m2∣2),T(θ)=ℜ(eiθm1)+2κ(1−ℜ(e2iθm2)).S=|m_1|^2+2\kappa(1-|m_2|^2),\qquad T(\theta)=\Re(e^{i\theta}m_1)+2\kappa(1-\Re(e^{2i\theta}m_2)).

Indeed the two contact averages give h2≤H2−DSh^2\le H^2-DS and ζ2≤hζ≤1+2D∑iλiL(θ−θi)\zeta^2\le h\zeta\le1+2D\sum_i\lambda_iL(\theta-\theta_i), where L=2Φ/ΨL=2\Phi/\Psi. The Fourier majorant gives the other deficit DTDT.

Put a=∣m1∣a=|m_1|, b=∣m2∣b=|m_2|. After an angular shift,

max⁡(S,T(θ))≥hab(θ):=max⁡(a2+625(1−b2),625(1−b)+1225bsin⁡2θ−a).\max(S,T(\theta))\ge h_{ab}(\theta):=\max\left(a^2+\frac{6}{25}(1-b^2),\frac{6}{25}(1-b)+\frac{12}{25}b\sin^2\theta-a\right).

For a≥27/100a\ge27/100 or b≤21/25b\le21/25, S>7/100S>7/100 already. On the remaining rectangle, the scalar certificate proves exp⁡(∫log⁡hab dθ/(2π))≥7/100\exp(\int\log h_{ab}\,d\theta/(2\pi))\ge7/100. The positive, π\pi-periodic weight has an even analytic outer factor CC, with ∣C∣2=hab|C|^2=h_{ab} and ∣C(0)∣2≥7/100|C(0)|^2\ge7/100. Hence C1=0C_1=0. Parseval applied to CU(rz)CU(rz) gives

∫max⁡(S,T(θ))∣U(reiθ)∣2dθ2π≥7100(∣U0∣2+r2∣U1∣2).\int\max(S,T(\theta))|U(re^{i\theta})|^2\frac{d\theta}{2\pi}\ge\frac{7}{100}(|U_0|^2+r^2|U_1|^2).

For a=0a=0, the explicit factor of (252/625)sin⁡2θ(252/625)\sin^2\theta handles the logarithmic zeros. The small-aa proof and boundary limiting argument are given in SPECTRAL_LEMMA.md and CONTACT_SPECTRAL_LEMMA.md; both are included in full in the source archive. Only their scalar inequalities are delegated to computation.

Now write f=∑akzkf=\sum a_kz^k, u=∑bkzku=\sum b_kz^k, xk=(∣ak∣2−∣bk∣2)+x_k=(|a_k|^2-|b_k|^2)_+, yk=(∣bk∣2−∣ak∣2)+y_k=(|b_k|^2-|a_k|^2)_+, X(t)=∑xktkX(t)=\sum x_kt^k, Y(t)=∑yktkY(t)=\sum y_kt^k, including k=0k=0. The quotient ω=f/u\omega=f/u is holomorphic on the annulus by removal of common zeros. Constant quotients give the norm comparison immediately. Otherwise use F=f−αuF=f-\alpha u, U=u−α‾fU=u-\overline{\alpha}f, analytic on the whole disk even if the quotient has inner poles. On the circle, ∣F∣2=(1−v)∣U∣2|F|^2=(1-v)|U|^2, where v=2/(1+ζ)v=2/(1+\zeta), and

v−g≥Dmax⁡(S,T)H(1+H)2,∣Uk∣2−∣Fk∣2=(1−∣α∣2)(∣bk∣2−∣ak∣2).v-g\ge\frac{D\max(S,T)}{H(1+H)^2},\qquad|U_k|^2-|F_k|^2=(1-|\alpha|^2)(|b_k|^2-|a_k|^2).

Moreover ∣Uk∣2≥(1−∣α∣2)yk|U_k|^2\ge(1-|\alpha|^2)y_k. The preceding Parseval estimate therefore yields

X(t)≤β(t)Y(t)−ϵ(t)(y0+y1t).(1)X(t)\le\beta(t)Y(t)-\epsilon(t)(y_0+y_1t). \tag*{(1)}

The inner endpoint follows by continuity. The checked inequality Ψ>6\Psi> 6 implies H>2H > 2, g<2/3g < 2/3, and 0≤β−ϵ≤10 \le\beta- \epsilon\le1.

Moments, tails, and the finite packet

The exact certificate specifies a probability measure

μ=∑j=1mwjδtj+1[R,1] dt,c2=t1<⋯<tm=R<1,wj>0,∑jwj=R.\mu= \sum_{j=1}^{m} w_j\delta_{t_j} + \mathbf{1}_{[R,1]} \, dt,\qquad c^2 = t_1 < \cdots< t_m = R < 1,\qquad w_j > 0,\qquad\sum_j w_j = R.

It suffices that

∫tk dμ≥1k+1(k≥0),∫β(t)tk dμ≤1k+1(k≥2),\int t^k \,d\mu\ge\frac{1}{k+1}\qquad(k \ge0),\qquad\int\beta(t)t^k \,d\mu\le\frac{1}{k+1}\qquad(k \ge2),
∫(β−ϵ)t dμ≤12.\int(\beta-\epsilon)t \,d\mu\le\frac{1}{2}.

The index-zero upper condition is automatic. Integrating (1) and applying Tonelli to its nonnegative coefficient weights gives ∑xk/(k+1)≤∫X dμ≤∑yk/(k+1)\sum x_k/(k+1) \le\int X\,d\mu\le\sum y_k/(k+1). Bergman Parseval proves the theorem.

For explicit finite conditions, put bj(1)=β(tj)−ϵ(tj)b_j(1) = \beta(t_j) - \epsilon(t_j), bj(k)=β(tj)b_j(k) = \beta(t_j) for k≥2k \ge2. The checked residuals are

∑jwjtjk−Rk+1k+1≥0,Rk+1k+1+∫R1g(t)tk dt−∑jwjbj(k)tjk≥0.\sum_j w_jt_j^k - \frac{R^{k+1}}{k+1} \ge0,\qquad\frac{R^{k+1}}{k+1} + \int_R^1 g(t)t^k\,dt - \sum_j w_jb_j(k)t_j^k \ge0.

Discarding the continuous-tail ϵ\epsilon term at k=1k = 1 weakens the sufficient condition. On each rational tail cell [a,b][a,b], the proof derives g(t)≥ℓ(1−t)g(t) \ge\ell(1-t) using −log⁡t≥(1−t)(1+(1−b)/2)-\log t \ge(1-t)(1+(1-b)/2) and sin⁡x≥x(1−U2/6)\sin x \ge x(1-U^2/6) for 0≤x≤U<60 \le x \le U < \sqrt{6}. The resulting polynomial integrals are exact. The first infinite tail follows from wm(K1+1)≥Rw_m(K_1+1) \ge R. For the second, a retained R≤a<b<1R \le a < b < 1 satisfies

ℓ(1−b)(b−a)aK2≥∑jwjtjK2.\ell(1-b)(b-a)a^{K_2} \ge\sum_j w_jt_j^{K_2}.

Dividing by aka^k, each atomic ratio (tj/a)k(t_j/a)^k is nonincreasing; the inequality persists for all k≥K2k \ge K_2 and proves the second tail. The stored cutoffs are K1=6000K_1 = 6000, K2=1800K_2 = 1800.

The precise packet is contact-spectral in [5]: certificate-contact-044667.json, SHA-256 aad4a43c5a7a72770dfced63b27466b66b4166dff5fad9ba1d86d8f0d184c83c, and contact-cover.json. The latter is a rational binary rectangle tree. Reconstruction checks coverage; each leaf uses a lower angular Riemann sum for log⁡hab\log h_{ab}. A separate analytic small-parameter estimate covers 0<a≤1/100000 < a \le1/10000, so no singular endpoint is omitted. verify_exact.py and verify_interval.py check the scalar hypotheses, rectangle bounds, finite moments, and both tails. The retained Arb and interval receipts pass; a separate AI review also checked the analytic bridge and used another moment minorant. No verifier was rerun to prepare this note.

The revision token COMMIT_C68 deliberately remains unresolved. The citation becomes an immutable public pointer only after replacement; the attached source archive contains the input and complete analytic supplement now. The programs check numerical hypotheses, not complex analysis, hyperbolic geometry, or arbitrary prose.

This is an unrefereed preprint. There has been no independent human review and no formalization.

Analysis and proof drafting by AI agents under my direction; I reviewed the results at summary level. AI agents also prepared certificates, checking software, and publication materials. No line-by-line human verification is claimed.

References

Independent researcher

References

  1. [1]D. Niedbala Giraudin, Korenblum flux and enclosing estimates, PR 274; https://github.com/teorth/optimizationproblems/pull/274.
  2. [2]C. Wang, Domination in the Bergman space and Korenblum’s constant, Integral Equations and Operator Theory 61 (2008), 423–432, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00020-008-1587-4; A lower bound on Korenblum’s constant, Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 153 (2025), 1209–1214, https://doi.org/10.1090/proc/17112.
  3. [3]F. Wikström, Moment duality and an improved lower bound for Korenblum’s constant, Lemma 3.1 (moment integration); https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.17748.
  4. [4]R. Pinho, earlier covering-strip coefficient construction and references to Wang and Schuster; https://github.com/rpinho/korenblum-c68-certificate.
  5. [5]R. Pinho, Korenblum C68 certificate, contact-spectral, revision placeholder COMMIT C68; https://github.com/rpinho/korenblum-c68-certificate/tree/a8bfa25da9b07f0a7b8fefcd5043c0547855c9d1/contact-spectral.

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