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Electroweak corrections to the SM-like Higgs boson decays and the Higgs trilinear coupling in the real Higgs triplet model

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Abstract

We study new physics effects on the decays of the standard model-like Higgs boson (hh) and the Higgs trilinear coupling including the full one-loop corrections in the real Higgs triplet model (RHTM). We adopt the on-shell renormalization scheme, in which the scalar mixing angles are renormalized in a gauge-independent way using the pinch technique. We found that sizable one-loop effects can arise in the decay rates through the Higgs wave-function (external-leg) corrections, while the tree-level effects are rather small due to the constraint on the vacuum expectation value of the triplet field from the electroweak precision measurements. In addition, the h→γγh\toγγ decay rate and the hhhhhh coupling are sensitive to loop contributions. The RHTM may be distinguishable from other extended Higgs models by studying the correlations among the h→ττh\toττ, h→ZZ∗h\to ZZ^{*}, and h→γγh\toγγ decay modes, and such characteristic predictions can be tested at the High-Luminosity LHC or future Higgs factories.

Introduction

The standard model (SM) of particle physics successfully explains various experimental data at the electroweak (EW) scale. However, several phenomena cannot be explained within the SM, such as neutrino oscillations, the existence of dark matter, the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, and inflation. These phenomena provide strong motivation for physics beyond the SM (BSM).

The discovery of the 125 GeV Higgs boson established the existence of a Higgs field associated with EW symmetry breaking. Although the SM provides a minimal realization of the Higgs mechanism, there is no fundamental principle that determines the Higgs sector, and its structure remains unknown. In many BSM models, the Higgs sector is extended from the SM by introducing additional scalar fields with various representations.

The real Higgs triplet model (RHTM) [1] is a simple extension of the SM with an additional real isospin-triplet scalar field. Extensions of the SM with scalar triplets are qualitatively different from those with singlet or doublet scalars. This is because the vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of triplet fields shift the tree-level value of the EW ρ\rho parameter from unity1. In addition, the extended Higgs sector of the RHTM can affect the nature of the EW phase transition. EW phase transitions in real triplet extensions have been studied in Refs. [4, 5, 6]. Gravitational-wave signatures associated with first-order phase transitions have also been studied in Refs. [7, 8, 9].

The collider phenomenology of the additional Higgs bosons in the RHTM has been studied extensively. Direct searches at the LHC can probe the additional neutral and charged Higgs bosons mainly through pair and associated production, while the diphoton decay of the SM-like Higgs boson provides an indirect constraint on the charged Higgs boson mass [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]. For a charged Higgs boson lighter than the top quark, searches for exotic top-quark decays provide additional constraints [19]. The prospects for direct searches at future electron-positron colliders are discussed in Ref. [20].

The signatures of the RHTM can appear in the SM-like Higgs boson observables. At tree level, the couplings of the SM-like Higgs boson are modified from their SM values through scalar mixing effects. In addition, the additional Higgs bosons affect these couplings through radiative corrections. The precision of the Higgs coupling measurements is expected to reach a few-percent level at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) [21, 22] and a per-mille level at future Higgs factories, such as the International Linear Collider [23, 24, 25, 26], the Circular Electron-Positron Collider [27, 28], and the Future Circular Collider [29, 30]. To fully exploit the precision of these measurements, theoretical predictions with comparable precision are essential, requiring the inclusion of radiative corrections.

New physics effects in the SM-like Higgs boson observables have been widely studied, especially in singlet and doublet extensions. In the two-Higgs doublet model (2HDM), one-loop corrections to the Higgs boson couplings [31, 32, 33, 34, 35], decays of the SM-like Higgs boson [36, 37, 38], and decays of heavy Higgs bosons [39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46] have been investigated. Similar studies have also been performed in the Higgs singlet model (HSM) [47, 48, 49, 50, 51]. Two-loop corrections have been studied [52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58]. As a public tool for the numerical evaluation of higher-order corrections, the authors of this paper have developed the H-COUP program [59, 60, 61]. Other public tools, such as 2HDECAY [62], ewN2HDECAY [63], EWsHDECAY [51], Prophecy4f [64], and FlexibleDecay [65], are also available. 2HDECAY, ewN2HDECAY, and EWsHDECAY calculate the full NLO corrections to the two-body decays of all Higgs bosons for a given extended Higgs model. Prophecy4f computes full NLO corrections for specific decay modes, namely the four-body decays of CP-even Higgs bosons into four fermions, in the HSM and 2HDMs. FlexibleDecay incorporates various BSM models and computes higher-order corrections to Higgs boson decays without including BSM loop effects. The main difference between H-COUP and these programs is that H-COUP evaluates the full one-loop electroweak corrections to all major decay modes of both the SM-like Higgs boson and additional Higgs bosons in various extended Higgs models. These calculations are performed using a common on-shell renormalization scheme [31, 66], in which the scalar mixing angles are renormalized in a gauge-independent way using the pinch technique [67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72].2 H-COUP enables systematic comparisons of predictions among different models, such as four types of 2HDMs with the softly broken Z2Z_2 symmetry, the inert doublet model (IDM), and the HSM.

In the RHTM, the renormalization procedure in the SM must be extended to accommodate the additional input parameter associated with the triplet VEV. In Ref. [76], a renormalization scheme for the electroweak sector based on the effective weak mixing angle of the electron was proposed for the RHTM. This scheme was used to evaluate the electroweak precision observables (EWPOs) at one-loop level [77, 78] and was applied to the complex Higgs triplet model (CHTM) in Ref. [79]. The EWPOs were also studied using a renormalization scheme with the WW-boson mass as an input [80, 81], as well as the star scheme [82]. The renormalization of the triplet VEV in the MS scheme was studied in Refs. [83, 84, 85], and this approach was used in a two-loop calculation of the Higgs di-photon decay rate [86]. A different approach based on scalar mixing angles was developed for the CHTM, and the one-loop corrections to Higgs boson couplings were studied [87, 88]. This scheme was formulated in a gauge-invariant way in the CHTM, and its impact on Higgs boson decays was investigated in Ref. [89].

In this paper, we present a renormalization scheme for the RHTM based on the scalar mixing angles and investigate electroweak one-loop corrections to the decays of the SM-like Higgs boson. The counterterms for the scalar mixing angles are determined by the self-energies, and the gauge dependence is eliminated by the pinch technique [67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72]. In particular, the charged scalar sector involves additional diagrams arising from the tree-level H±W∓ZH^\pm W^\mp Z coupling, which are absent in the 2HDMs [45, 66, 90]. We analytically confirm the cancellation of the gauge dependence in the general RξR_\xi gauge, and provide the explicit expressions for the pinch terms in the ’t Hooft–Feynman gauge.

The decay rates of the SM-like Higgs boson are calculated including NLO EW and higher-order QCD corrections. We find that sizable one-loop effects can arise in the decay rates and the Higgs trilinear coupling, while the tree-level effects are rather small due to the small triplet VEV. The resulting patterns of deviations in decay rates of the SM-like Higgs boson can help distinguish the RHTM from other extended Higgs models.

This paper is organized as follows. In § 2, we define the RHTM Lagrangian. In § 3, we discuss the renormalization of the RHTM. The numerical study of the Higgs boson decays is presented in § 4, and conclusions are given in § 5. The Feynman rules, analytical formulae for effective Higgs vertices and 1PI functions, and the application of the pinch technique to the RHTM are presented in Appendices.

The real Higgs triplet model

The RHTM contains an SU(2)L\mathrm{SU}(2)_{\mathrm{L}} doublet field Φ\Phi with the hypercharge Y=1/2Y = 1/2 and a real triplet field Δ\Delta with Y=0Y = 0. Around the EW vacuum, these fields are expanded as

Φ=(ϕ+12(vϕ+ϕ+iG0)),Δ=12(Δ0Δ+Δ−−Δ0)withΔ0=12(vΔ+δ),(1)\Phi= \begin{pmatrix} \phi^+ \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(v_\phi+ \phi+ iG^0) \end{pmatrix}, \qquad\Delta= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{pmatrix} \Delta^0 & \Delta^+ \\ \Delta^- & -\Delta^0 \end{pmatrix} \quad\text{with} \quad\Delta^0 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(v_\Delta+ \delta), \tag*{(1)}

where v=vϕ2+4vΔ2≃246 GeVv = \sqrt{v_\phi^2 + 4v_\Delta^2} \simeq246\,\mathrm{GeV}.

The Higgs potential

The Higgs potential is given by

V(Φ,Δ)=mΦ2Φ†Φ+mΔ2Tr⁡(Δ†Δ)+μΦ†ΔΦ+λ12(Φ†Φ)2+λ22[Tr⁡(Δ†Δ)]2+λ3(Φ†Φ)Tr⁡(Δ†Δ),(2)V(\Phi,\Delta) = m_\Phi^2\Phi^\dagger\Phi+ m_\Delta^2\operatorname{Tr}\left(\Delta^\dagger\Delta\right) + \mu\Phi^\dagger\Delta\Phi + \frac{\lambda_1}{2}\left(\Phi^\dagger\Phi\right)^2 + \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\left[\operatorname{Tr}\left(\Delta^\dagger\Delta\right)\right]^2 + \lambda_3\left(\Phi^\dagger\Phi\right)\operatorname{Tr}\left(\Delta^\dagger\Delta\right), \tag*{(2)}

where all parameters are real, and hence the Higgs potential is CP conserving [16]. The tadpole terms for ϕ\phi and δ\delta are obtained as

Tϕ=−∂V∂ϕ∣0=−(mΦ2+λ12vϕ2+λ32vΔ2−μ2vΔ)vϕ,(3)T_{\phi}=-\left.\frac{\partial V}{\partial\phi}\right|_{0}=-\left(m_{\Phi}^{2}+\frac{\lambda_{1}}{2}v_{\phi}^{2}+\frac{\lambda_{3}}{2}v_{\Delta}^{2}-\frac{\mu}{2}v_{\Delta}\right)v_{\phi}, \tag*{(3)}
Tδ=−∂V∂δ∣0=−(mΔ2+λ22vΔ2+λ32vϕ2−μvϕ24vΔ)vΔ,(4)T_{\delta}=-\left.\frac{\partial V}{\partial\delta}\right|_{0}=-\left(m_{\Delta}^{2}+\frac{\lambda_{2}}{2}v_{\Delta}^{2}+\frac{\lambda_{3}}{2}v_{\phi}^{2}-\frac{\mu v_{\phi}^{2}}{4v_{\Delta}}\right)v_{\Delta}, \tag*{(4)}

where ⋯∣0\cdots|_{0} indicates that all fields are set to zero. For the non-zero VEVs, the stationary conditions, Tϕ=Tδ=0T_{\phi}=T_{\delta}=0, give

mΦ2=−λ12vϕ2−λ32vΔ2+μ2vΔ,mΔ2=−λ22vΔ2−λ32vϕ2+μvϕ24vΔ.(5)m_{\Phi}^{2}=-\frac{\lambda_{1}}{2}v_{\phi}^{2}-\frac{\lambda_{3}}{2}v_{\Delta}^{2}+\frac{\mu}{2}v_{\Delta},\qquad m_{\Delta}^{2}=-\frac{\lambda_{2}}{2}v_{\Delta}^{2}-\frac{\lambda_{3}}{2}v_{\phi}^{2}+\frac{\mu v_{\phi}^{2}}{4v_{\Delta}}. \tag*{(5)}

In the following expressions, we retain the tadpole-dependent terms in the mass matrices, which are needed for the one-loop calculation in the standard tadpole scheme (see § 3.1).

The mass matrices of the charged and CP-even scalar bosons are given by

M±2=(μvΔμvϕ2μvϕ2μvϕ24vΔ)−(Tϕvϕ00TδvΔ),Meven2=(M112M122M212M222)−(Tϕvϕ00TδvΔ),(6)\mathcal{M}_{\pm}^{2}= \begin{pmatrix} \mu v_{\Delta} & \frac{\mu v_{\phi}}{2}\\ \frac{\mu v_{\phi}}{2} & \frac{\mu v_{\phi}^{2}}{4v_{\Delta}} \end{pmatrix} - \begin{pmatrix} \frac{T_{\phi}}{v_{\phi}} & 0\\ 0 & \frac{T_{\delta}}{v_{\Delta}} \end{pmatrix}, \qquad \mathcal{M}_{\mathrm{even}}^{2}= \begin{pmatrix} \mathcal{M}_{11}^{2} & \mathcal{M}_{12}^{2}\\ \mathcal{M}_{21}^{2} & \mathcal{M}_{22}^{2} \end{pmatrix} - \begin{pmatrix} \frac{T_{\phi}}{v_{\phi}} & 0\\ 0 & \frac{T_{\delta}}{v_{\Delta}} \end{pmatrix}, \tag*{(6)}

where

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